Thank you.
I've added the following line to attachments.inc, below your highlighted line:
error_log( 'Error: '.$_FILES['_attachments']['error'][$i] );
My error log gives
[Thu Aug 21 20:09:01 2014] [error] [client 192.168.0.10] Error: 0, referer: https://mydomain.com.au/mailnew/?_task=mail&_id=34525533553f5c3d98798e&a...
I assume therefore that this is an apache or a php problem. Are you able to give any pointers?